For 2008, the IRS has changed the personal exemptions and standard deductions to account for inflation adjustments. They include more than three dozen tax benefits that will affect virtually every taxpayer. Whether you file your own taxes or hire a tax professional, it is important to understand the key changes when filing your 2008 tax return in early 2009.

Here are the key changes to the 2008 tax changes as defined by the IRS:

1. The value of each personal and dependency exemption, available to most taxpayers, is $3,500, up $100 from 2007.
2. The new standard deduction is $10,900 for married couples filing a joint return (up $200), $5,450 for singles and married individuals filing separately (up $100) and $8,000 for heads of household (up $150). Nearly two out of three taxpayers take the standard deduction, rather than itemizing deductions, such as mortgage interest, charitable contributions and state and local taxes.
3. Tax-bracket thresholds increase for each filing status. For a married couple filing a joint return, for example, the taxable-income threshold separating the 15-percent bracket from the 25-percent bracket is $65,100, up from $63,700 in 2007.
4. The maximum earned income tax credit for low and moderate income workers and working families with two or more children is $4,824, up from $4,716. The income limit for the credit for joint return filers with two or more children is $41,646, up from $39,783.
    
   The maximum Hope credit, available for the first two years of post-secondary education, is $1,800, up from $1,650 in 2007.
5. The income limit for the savers credit is $53,000 for joint filers (up $1,000), $39,750 for heads of household (up $750) and $26,500 for singles and married persons filing separately (up$500).  Low-and moderate income workers who contribute to a retirement plan, such as an IRA or 401(k), may qualify for the credit, which is available in addition to any other tax savings that apply.
6. The contribution amount allowed for Roth IRAs begins to phase out for joint filers with incomes exceeding $159,000 (up from $156,000) and $101,000 (up from $99,000) for singles and heads of household.
7. For contributions to a traditional IRA, the deduction phase-out range for an individual covered by a retirement plan at work begins at income of $85,000 for joint filers (up from $83,000) and $53,000 for a single person or head of household (up from $52,000).
8. Participants in most employer-sponsored 401(k) plans and 403(b) plans for employees of public schools and certain tax-exempt organizations can contribute up to $15,500, unchanged from 2007.  Individuals, age 50 or over, can make an additional contribution of up to $5,000, also unchanged from 2007.
9. Individuals participating in SIMPLE retirement plans can contribute $10,500, unchanged from 2007.  Those, age 50 or over, can make an additional contribution of up to $2,500, also unchanged from 2007.
10. The annual contribution limit for most defined contribution plans rises to $46,000, up from $45,000 in 2007.

In these economic times it is a smart idea to take advantage of all tax incentives that you possibly can.

Here are three tips you should know about when filing your 2008 income tax. It’s important that you are aware of them now so that you can take action before the 2008 tax year closes (Dec 31, 2008).

Standard Deductions vs. Itemized Deductions
One thing you should know about filing taxes is that it makes sense to compare your standard deductions against your Itemized Deductions.

If your Itemized Deductions exceed the amount of your itemized deductions, you stand a good chance of saving money by itemizing. If your Itemized deductions are slightly lower, try to shift some of your itemized deductions for the following year to the current year. Here is an example:

Let’s say you have the option to pay real estate tax in 2 installations, consider making the payment in 2008 that would normally be paid in the early part of 2009.

Another tip is to do the opposite, if you don’t think you will be able to take advantage of itemizing in 2008, try to shift some of them for the next tax year, This would work if you plan on purchasing a home in 2009 or you could make your annual charitable contributions in January, 2009 instead of December, 2008.

Flexible Spending Accounts
Now is the time to check if you have money left in your Flexible Spending Account. If you do have extra, make some appointments to use it up. If you don’t, you lose the money.

Medical Deductions
You can claim unreimbursed medical expenses that you incur over the year. IRS rules allow you to deduct them only if they exceed 7.5% of your Adjusted Gross Income. If you are close to that level, consider having elective or necessary medical procedures before the end of the year. But make sure to check that it’s among the qualifying deductible expenses.

Adjusted Gross Income (AGI) is a tax payer’s gross income (before taxes) and subtracting allowable IRS deductions. Here are some of the deductions to use when calculating your AGI:

• Certain business expenses of reservists, performing artists, and fee-basis government officials
• Health savings account deductions
• Certain moving expenses
• One-half of self-employment tax
• Penalties on early withdrawal of saving
• Alimony paid
• Deduction for contribution to an Individual Retirement Account (IRA)
• Student Loan interest deduction

But don’t confuse AGI with Itemized Deductions, such as home mortgage interest expense, medical expenses, property taxes, charitable contributions, among others.

Here is a simple calculator to estimate your Adjusted Gross Income